![]() (For proprietary reasons we are unable to upload the Digit Span Backwards scale.) The total raw score for backwards digit span is the sum of the item scores maximum backwards digit span total raw score is 16 points. The item score is the sum of the scores on the two trials for that item (range=0-2). For each trial, 1 point is scored for a correct response or 0 points for an incorrect response or no response. ![]() Both trials of each item are administered, even if the child gets Trial 1 correct. On each question the child repeats the numbers in reverse order of that presented aloud by the examiner (e.g., If the examiner says "5-6", the correct response would be “6-5” If the examiner says "5–1–7–4–2–3–8", the correct response would be "8-3-2-4-7-1-5"). For the purposes of our study, we used backwards only for a total of two trials of eight questions, or 16 total questions. The task consists of two items, forwards and backwards, and each item is composed of two trials of eight questions each. It assesses children’s ability to hold information in short-term memory and manipulate that information to produce some result. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 361.The Digit Span Task (Backwards-Only Child Version) measures working memory. Digit span in right and left hemiplegics. Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the test of memory and learning (TOMAL). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Paper presented at the 44th annual meeting of the International Neuropsychological Society, Boston. Dissociating constructs underlying working memory in mild cognitive impairment: A competitive queuing analysis. Libon, D.J., Gifford, K., Holman, T., and Jefferson A.J. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. ![]() San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation. ![]() The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Memory for serial order across domains: An overview of the literature and directions for future research. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (H. Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (Vol. Application des méthodes nouvelles au diagnostic du niveau intellectuel chez des enfants normaux et anormaux d’hospice et d’école primaire. ![]()
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